Step into the heart of Amsterdam’s intellectual revolution and explore the ideas that shaped the Enlightenment and the modern world. On this expert-led tour, you’ll walk in the footsteps of great thinkers like Descartes, Spinoza, and Locke, whose groundbreaking ideas on free will, determinism, freedom, tolerance, and how to live a good life continue to influence us today.

Amsterdam was a hub for philosophical thought during the 17th and 18th centuries, when ideas of scientific rationalism, individual liberty, and the decline of religious authority were challenging traditional norms. As you explore the city, you’ll learn how Spinoza’s radical views on God and nature led to his excommunication, how Descartes’ skepticism and search for certainty laid the groundwork for modern philosophy, and how Locke’s ideas on government and human rights shaped democratic ideals.

This tour takes you through the intellectual landscape of Amsterdam, a city that was a beacon of tolerance and free thought during the Age of Enlightenment. Visit key sites where these philosophers lived, wrote, and debated, and understand how their ideas were influenced by Amsterdam’s culture of freedom and rational discourse.

Whether you’re passionate about philosophy, history, or the ways in which these thinkers influenced the modern world, this tour offers a deeper understanding of how Amsterdam became a crucible for revolutionary ideas that still shape our thinking today.